what is an example of abstract thinking

Ideas that are broad in scope can be thought of generally, rather than specifically. Instead of just contemplating one cat, the abstract thinker will think about the nature of cats, their habits, preferences, and characteristics.
Concrete thinking is mainly interested in the facts, such as the fact that a cat is a black cat. Examples of abstract thinking might include types of black cats, that black cats are considered unlucky by some people, that the ancient Egyptians revered cats and created black statues of a cat goddess.

Abstract thinking refers to a cognitive concept involving higher‐order, or complex, thoughts. To be able to think in an abstract manner implies that one is able to draw conclusions or illustrate relationships among concepts in a manner beyond what is obvious. Often the terms “abstract thought” and “concept formation” are used interchangeably. In the past, the term “fluid intelligence” has been used to refer to the ability to reason. The generation of concepts, or abstract ideas, indicates an ability to progress beyond concrete thinking. The concrete interpretation of a concept involves a focus on the salient, obvious characteristics. Progressing beyond the tangible characteristics in order to conceptualize theoretical relationships between items or processes involves abstract thought.
Abstract thinking occurs conceptually, categorically, and generally. Conceptual relationships are developed in order to explain the theoretical basis behind why one idea or item is related to another.

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References:

http://link.springer.com/10.1007%2F978-0-387-33754-8_2
http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/abstract+thinking
http://www.editage.com/insights/what-is-the-difference-between-an-abstract-and-a-synopsis-for-a-biological-science-research-paper